Treatments for the Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with AIDS: Mild Neuro-cognitive disorder No confabulation Difficulty concentrating, unusual fatigue, subjectively slowed down, difficulty in remembering, learning and recalling new info Difficulty problem solving, abstract reasoning, and slowin of simple motor performances (finger tapping) Be sure to distinguish from delirium and dementia (these have confabulation) Psychopharmacology – in [...]
Substance use – use of a substance in a socially acceptable manner (ie glass of wine at dinner) Drug misuse – doc using drugs not for medical use (prescribing drugs w.out seeing pts at a $50 charge) Abuse – a maladaptive pattern related to a drug you are using leading to clinically significant impairment or [...]
Characteristics: – Recurrent multiple complaints that are not fully explained by the physical factors and that result in medical attention or physical impairment – Chronic (↑ history) – Before age 30 – Associated with significant psychological stress – Aka “Briquets syndrome” Epidemiology: – Women > Men – Pts of the family doctor – Begins before [...]
The School-Aged Child – middle childhood (elementary school-age, 6-7 yrs); child is: Educable- high focus on education; easy to teach Pliable- easily influenced by the external environment Well-behaved Learns roles & roles of society- right/wrong and appropriate/inappropriate behavior – Freud – latency stage; a time of relative stability, tranquility in development o Child not very [...]
Essential ingredient in a good patient therapist relationship is built on genuine trust & interest Hundreds of types of psychotherapy; all have different theories to how changes in pt occur I. Psychoanalysis The classical long-term insight oriented therapy Goal = identifying major personality changes by identifying and “working through” unconscious conflicts by free association, analysis [...]
Psychosis, NOS (Atypical psychotic disorders) Schizophreniform disorder episodee less than 6 months; often a tentative diagnosis; identical to schizophrenia in Tx and Sx; duration 1-6 mo – Good Prognosis – short prodrome, confusion is predominent during the active phase, good morbid functioning, intact affect Schizoaffective disorder Mood d/o + Schizophrenia; must have 2 wks of [...]
Definitions Hallucinations Delusions Thought disorder Impaired reality testing Prevalence- not common among kids (1%); most present in young adulthood Symptoms 1. Hallucinations- no sensory input Organic, psychiatric, and medical conditions Most common + Sx on schizophrenia (80% of childhood schizophrenia; AUDITORY is most common) RARE/poorly formed before age 7 Different from and illusion because in [...]
Terms Personality- enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to , & thinking about environment & self. Exhibited in social and personal function. Reflects personality traits. Character- person’s distinctive nature Temperament- biologically (genetically) based, simple, nonmotivated characteristics. Become stable after first few years of life. (ex. Quiet, shy, active) Personality disorder- chronic maladaptive pattern of behavior. Unpredictable [...]
General considerations about suicide - Contagious effect Myths about suicide - People who talk of suicide don’t commit suicide - Suicide happens w/o warning - Suicidal persons are fully intent on dying - Once a person is suicidal, s/he is suicidal forever - Improvement following suicide crisis means risk of suicide is over - Suicide [...]
Criteria for depression Mood d/os occur in infants, children & adolescents; ds made by same criteria use to ds mood d/os in adults, w/ minor modifications that take into account different developmental levels observed in kids - Major depressive episode – represent a change from functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either 1) [...]
Introduction: In the resting state: intracellular = negative; during the action potential = positive Inhibitory NT’s make interior more negative (hyperpolarize) Excitatory depolarize Act on ligand-gated or votage-gated channels 3 types of ligand-gated channels: direct coupled, G PRO coupled, and 2nd messenger coupled G PRO neurotransmitter acts on it receptor protein, which then activates the [...]
Natural narcotics come from opium Opium comes from Papver somniform Meaning of opium: poppy juice Induce sleep and eliminate pain Only two natural narcotics that come from opium: morphine and codeine Semisynthetic narcotics come from manipulation of morphine and codeine Synthetic narcotics are not derived from natural opiates at all – Methadone – Phentanyl – [...]
I. Mental Retardation – IQ < 70 – deficit of adaptive behavior – (can you button pants, make ice w/out recipe, and other activites required for daily life functioning) – Onset before age 18 Intelligence Testing – Welchsler is gold standard WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) – 100 is [...]
• Affect: Observed expression of emotion ( happy you smile, etc.) response to an emotion • Mood: A pervasive and sustained emotion, subjectively experienced and/or reported by the patient and/or reported by others; PROLONGED * Anxiety is a mood • The mood disorders …. 1. Include disorders that have a disturbance in mood as the [...]
Names given to Cannibus: Grass Pot Mary jane Tea Weed Cannibus Indica Cannibus Indica – marijuana christmas tree Cannibus Americana The following Indian names were given to different preparations from cannibus: Bhang comes from cut tops and low resin content Ganja obtained from flowering tops and leaves and has higher quality and quantity or resin [...]
Neonatal Period (0-1 m) – APGAR score – assessment of newborn based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity & Respiration (0-10); taken at 1, 5 & 10 min If summary score is… 0-2 NICU; Serious problems 3-6 Fair; needs help to maintain life 7-9 Good health 10 Excellent health Apgar newborn scoring system Score 0 1 [...]
Produce visual illusions and visual hallucinations (usually) Some of them (LSD), psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) – have structural resemblance to serotonin Another group is chemically related to Dopamine & NE, such as mescaline, methylenedioxy metamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) and Dimmethoxy and metamphetamine (DOM or STP) Usually PO Other Hallucinogens Methylenedioxy amphetamine (MDA) Bufotenine LSD Semisynthetic [...]
Compenents of Mental Function Level of Consciousness= alertness, awareness of environment Attention = ability to focus or concentrate on task Recent (Short-term) Memory = memory in minutes, hours, days Remote (Long-term) Memory = memory in years Orientation = awareness of who person is in relation to time, place, other people Depends on memory + attention [...]
The dissociative disorders involve a disturbance in the integrated organization of identity, memory, perception, or consciousness Men = Women Symptoms decrease w/ age There may be an association between traumatic events (childhood physical or sexual abuse) and dissociative sx May arise as a defense against trauma
BIRTH A. APGAR score @ 1, 5, 10 mins (1-10 w/ 10 = best) B. SOCIAL INTERACTION a. Alertness: 1. regular sleep – > irregular sleep – > periodic sleep – > drowsiness – > alert inactivity – > waking inactivity – > crying b. eye contact imp. as well as non-verbal communication for bonding [...]
ADHD Definition Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that’s more frequent & severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development Symptoms - Inattention o Difficulty w/sustained attention in tasks or play o Poor follow through on instructions & fails to finish schoolwork, chores or duties - Hyperactivity o Fidgets or [...]
Definition – repetitive persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or societal norms or rules are violated; behavior is more serious than transient mischief of kids & teens. Oppositional defiant d/o (ODD) – kids won’t do what their told; minor incidents Attention deficit hyperactivity d/o (ADHD) – kids are impulsive & [...]
