part of Helmiths Hermaphroditic- have both male and female reproductive characteristics Blood flukes, bisexual- male and female in separate individuals SNAILS!! Shistosoma mansoni Ø ID- has the little hook or pointer on just one side Ø causes Shistomiasis Schistosoma japonicum Ø ID- small round Schistosoma haematobium Ø ID- football shaped with a point at one [...]
subgroup of Helmiths (parasitic worms) Morphology Scolex- head part Acetabulum are “suckers” on the scolex of some tapeworms Neck Proglottid Each segment has male anf female reproductive components Intestinal tapeworm infections Taenia saginata- beef tapeworm Ø TRANSMISSION: larva in infected beef Ø causes mechanical blockage Taenia solium- pork tapeworm Ø TRANSMISSION: larva in infected pork [...]
Trophozoites cause pathology Cysts are transmissible Intestinal Ø Amebae Entamoeba histolytica- causes amebic dysentary; can invade tissue; intestinal lumen habitat; can cause ectopic lesions; If in lumen, diiodoydroxyquinoline; if invasive, Flagyl (Metronidazole) Entamoeba coli Entamoeba nana Iodamoeba butchlii Dientamoeba fragilis Ø Ciliates Balantidium coli- balantidiasis; can invade tissue; intestinal lumen habitat; tetracycline and Diiodohydroxyquinoline Ø [...]
subgroup of Helmiths (parasitic worms) some may have both intestinal and extra-intestinal stages. classified as to most pronounced feature of life cycle and it’s position eosinophilia is hallmark of infections involving extra-intestinal stages Intestinal (most pronounced here) Pinworm- Enterobius vermicularis Ø DIAGNOSIS: scotch tape preparation Ø Infective stage: Egg Whipworm- Trichuris trichiura; burrow into epithelial [...]
I. Changing evolution of bacterial infection- In the past, infections tended to be in HEALTHY, UNHOSPITALIZED people. Now, they tend to be in debilitated, hospitalized people. G (-) sepsis is the leading cause of death in I. C. Units in the U.S. Associated changes that may have caused this: Antibiotic therapy Catheters and foreign bodies [...]
I. Introduction- Diarrhea & constipation are two of the most common complaints in medicine. Both are caused by intestinal malfunction. A. Diarrhea is a combo of two things: 1. passage of greater than normal number of stools (>200 g/day) 2. stools of decreased form as compared with normal B. Constipation- difficult or painful passage of [...]
Antibiotic type Antibiotic class Mechanism Cidal? Example Resistance cell wall synthesis Beta lactam inhibits transpeptidases & carboxy peptidases by binding PBPs Cidal penicillin, cephalosporin, enzymatically inactivated by Beta-lactamases carbapenems, monobactams, cephamycin Pseudomonas & Acinetobacter have CW that are intrinsically resistant Glycopeptides, antimicrobials blocks transfer of NAG-NAMA subunits to growing peptidoglycan in Gram + bacteria Cidal [...]
Organism A Little Information Antibiotic Gram Positives Staphylococcus Aureus F.P., bacteremia, endocarditis, arthritis, osteomyelitis; coag and cat + Anti-staph penicillin (nafcillin), Vancomycin Staph. Epidermidis Line related; catheters; coagulase -, cat + Vancomycin Staph. Saprophyticus UTI; coagulase -, cat + Norfloxacin Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) pharyngitis; TOXIC S.S.;Rheu; M. Protein; Bac. Susceptible, Beta-hemo Penicillin Strept. Agalactiae [...]
