Parasites Chart
Class |
BUG |
Infective Stage |
Local of Path Stage |
Drug |
MECH |
| Protizoans |
Amebiasis: invasive |
Cyst |
Extraintestinal |
Iodoquinol | Unknown |
|
Amebiasis: luminal |
Cyst |
Large intestine |
Flagyl + iodoquinol | Flagyl –inhibits DNA replication | |
|
Amebiasis: luminal |
Cyst |
Large intestine |
Emitine + iodoquinol | Emitine –inhibits protein synthesis | |
|
Amebiasis: luminal |
Cyst |
Large intestine |
Chloroquine + iodoquinol | Chloroquine –unknown for amebae | |
|
Balantidiasis |
Cyst |
Large intestine |
Iodoquinol + tetracycline | Tetracycline –eliminates bacterial symbiots on which B. coli is dependent | |
|
Giardiasis |
Cyst |
Small intestine |
1. Flagyl
2. Quinacrine |
Flagyl –inhibits DNA replication | |
|
Cyrptosporidiosis |
Oocyst |
Small and large intestine |
None | ||
|
Cyclosporiasis |
Oocyst |
Small and large intestine |
TMP-SMX | Inhibits Folic Acid metabolism (DNA synthesis) | |
|
Malaria: prophylaxis |
Sporozoite |
Liver/RBC |
Primaquine | Unknown | |
|
Malaria: schizontal |
Sporozoite |
Liver/RBC |
Chloroquine | Interferes with feeding mechanism of Plasmodium | |
|
Malaria: schizontal |
Sporozoite |
Liver/RBC |
Quinine (also for resistant strains) | Unknown | |
|
Malaria: schizontal |
Sporozoite |
Liver/RBC |
Sulfonamide + (pyrimethamine OR TMP) for resistant strains | Inhibis Folic Acid metabolism (DNA synthesis) | |
|
Malaria: anti-relapse (anti-tissue schizontal) |
Sporozoite |
Liver/RBC |
Primaquine | Unknown | |
|
Malaria: gametocidal & sporontocidal |
Sporozoite |
Liver/RBC |
Primaquine | Unknown | |
|
Toxoplasmosis |
Proliferative form –congenital Postnatal form –cyst |
Various R. E. and parenchymal cells |
Pyrimethamine + sulfonamide | Inhibits Folic Acid metabolism (DNA synthesis) | |
|
Amebic meningoecephalitis |
Trophozoite |
Brain |
None | ||
|
Trichomoniasis |
Trophozoite |
GU tract |
Flagyl | Inhibits DNA replication | |
|
Helminths |
Enterobiasis, Trichuriasis, Ascarisasis, Hookworms |
Pinworm (enterobiasis) –egg Whipworm (trichuriasis) –egg Ascariasis –egg Hookworm –larva |
Large intestine Large intestine Small intestine Small intestine |
Mebendazole | Inhibits tubulin polymerization, and thus, inhibits devo of cellular microtubule systems |
|
Stongyloides |
Larva (soil –autoinfection) |
Small intestine |
1. Ivermectin
2. Thiabendazole |
1. Stimulates GBAnergic inhibitory nerves, releasing GABA –leads to hyperpolarization of postsynaptic nerves –paralysis
2. Interferes with cellular microtuble aggregation |
|
|
Trichinosis |
Larve –infected meat |
Small intestine (early) Muscle (late) |
1. Salicylates
2. Corticosteroids |
1. Inhibit cyclooxygenase of arachidonic acid metabolism –inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
2. Inhibits arachidonic acid release from cell membranes |
|
|
Trichinosis (larval migrans) |
Filariform larvae (cutaneous larval migrans) Egg (visceral larval migrans) |
Skin Various tissues (liver, lung, brain, eye) |
1. Thabendazole | Interferes with cellular microtubule aggregation | |
|
Tapeworms (adults) |
Larva |
Small intestine |
1. Niclosamide
2. Praziquantel |
1. Inhibits aerobic energy metabolism (lethal to scolex)
2. Increases cell membrane permeability to Ca++ resulting in tetanic contraction of musculature followed by paralysis (also causes destruction of tegument) |
|
|
Tapeworms (larval) |
|
|
1. Albendazole | Inhibits glucose uptake, decreasing oxygen stores and the ability to produce ATP via anaerobic pathways | |
|
Flukes/Schistosomes |
Schistosomes –cercaria |
Skin, vesicular veins, superior/inferior mesenteric veins |
1. Praziquantel | Same as previously |
Tags: Amebiasis, Amebic meningoecephalitis, Ascarisasis, Cyclosporiasis, Cyrptosporidiosis, Enterobiasis, Flukes, hookworms, Malaria, Protizoans, Schistosomes, Stongyloides, tapeworms, toxoplasmosis, Trichinosis, Trichomoniasis, Trichuriasis
